HaPPY-Mine: Tsara Aikin Lada na Haɗa Ma'adinai don Rarraba Tsarin Blockchain

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1 Gabatarwa

Lada na haɗa ma'adinai na blockchain suna cika manufofi biyu: tallafawa farashin ma'adinai don tsare blockchain da kuma ƙirƙirar sabbin kuɗaɗen. Kudadden kuɗi na yanzu kamar Bitcoin da Ethereum suna amfani da tsarin lada mai tsayi wanda ya nuna raunin tattarawa saboda bambancin farashin ma'adinai. Tsarin HaPPY-Mine ya gabatar da aikin lada mai ƙarfi wanda ke daidaitawa da ƙarfin tsarin, yana haɓaka rarrabawa yayin kiyaye kaddarorin tsaro.

2 Bayan Fage da Ayyukan Da suka Danganci

2.1 Tsarin Lada Mai Tsayi

Tsarin blockchain na yanzu suna aiwatar da manyan tsarin lada mai tsayi guda biyu:

• Lada mai tsayi kowace shinge: Ethereum na daidai ETH 5 kowace shinge
• Tsarin raguwa rabi: Ragewar lada na Bitcoin kowane shinge 210,000 (kimanin shekaru 4)

An bincika waɗannan tsare-tsaren ta hanyar wasan dabarun, suna nuna wanzuwar ma'auni na musamman amma suna da rauni ga tattarawa.

2.2 Matsalolin Tattara Haɗin Ma'adinai a Wuri Daya

Bambancin farashi a cikin ayyukan haɗa ma'adinai yana haifar da matsin lamba na tattarawa. Nazarin [11,15] ya rubuta yadda ma'adinai masu samun wutar lantarki mai rahusa ko kayan aiki na musamman suka sami fa'idodi marasa daidaituwa, wanda ke haifar da tattara ƙarfin lissafin (hash rate).

3 Tsarin HaPPY-Mine

3.1 Tsarin Lissafi

Aikin lada na HaPPY-Mine yana haɗa lada na shinge zuwa jimillar ƙarfin tsarin (hashrate):

$R(H) = \frac{\alpha}{H^\beta}$ inda:

• $R(H)$: Lada na shinge a matsayin aiki na jimillar ƙarfin lissafi $H$
• $\alpha$: Ma'auni mai sikelin
• $\beta$: Ma'auni mai raguwa (0 < $\beta$ < 1)

Lada na kowane ma'adinai: $r_i = R(H) \cdot \frac{h_i}{H}$ inda $h_i$ shine ƙarfin lissafin ma'adinai na i.

3.2 Aiwatar da Fasaha

Aiwatarwa tana buƙatar daidaitawar lada bisa matsakaicin motsi na ƙarfin hanyar sadarwa, tare da hanyoyin hana yin wasa ta hanyar saurin sauye-sauyen ƙarfin lissafi.

4 Binciken Ma'auni

4.1 Wanzuwa da Keɓantacce

Ƙarƙashin tsarin farashin ma'adinai daban-daban, HaPPY-Mine yana ba da garantin:

• Wanzuwar ma'auni ga kowane saiti na ma'auni mai inganci
• Saitin ma'adinai masu shiga na musamman
• Jimillar ƙarfin tsarin na musamman a ma'auni

4.2 Ma'aunin Rarrabawa

HaPPY-Mine ya nuna mafi girman rarrabawa idan aka kwatanta da tsarin lada mai tsayi a fadin ma'auni da yawa:

• Adadin mahalarta haɗa ma'adinai masu aiki ya karu da kashi 25-40%
• Ragewar ma'aunin Gini na 0.15-0.25
• Ma'aunin Herfindahl-Hirschman (HHI) ƙasa da bakin kofa na 1500

5 Binciken Tsaro

5.1 Juriya ga Haɗin Kai

HaPPY-Mine yana kiyaye aminci daga hare-haren haɗin gwiwa ta hanyar tsarin lada mai daidaito da aka kafa a [9]. Ma'adinai masu haɗin kai ba za su iya samun lada maras daidaituwa ba tare da haɗin gwiwa mai mahimmanci ba.

5.2 Kariya daga Harin Sybil

Tsarin ya gaji juriya ga sybil daga ayyukan lada masu daidaitawa. Raba ƙarfin lissafi a cikin halayen da yawa baya ƙara lada saboda daidaiton $\frac{h_i}{H}$.

6 Sakamakon Gwaji

Simulations kwatanta HaPPY-Mine ($\beta=0.5$) da lada mai tsayi irin na Bitcoin:

Hoto na 1: Kwatancen rarraba ƙarfin lissafi ya nuna HaPPY-Mine yana kiyaye rarrabawar da ba ta da ƙarfi a cikin girman ma'adinai, yayin da tsarin mai tsayi ke tattara ƙarfin lissafi a tsakanin manyan ma'adinai.

7 Aiwatarwa da Misalan Lamba

Lamba na ƙima don lissafin lada na HaPPY-Mine:

function calculateBlockReward(totalHashrate, alpha, beta) {
    // Lissafa lada bisa ga jimillar ƙarfin lissafi na yanzu
    reward = alpha / (totalHashrate ** beta);
    return reward;
}

function distributeReward(minerHashrate, totalHashrate, blockReward) {
    // Rarraba daidai gwargwado
    minerReward = blockReward * (minerHashrate / totalHashrate);
    return minerReward;
}

// Misalin amfani
const ALPHA = 1000;  // Ma'auni mai sikelin
const BETA = 0.5;    // Ma'auni mai raguwa

let networkHashrate = getCurrentTotalHashrate();
let blockReward = calculateBlockReward(networkHashrate, ALPHA, BETA);
let minerReward = distributeReward(myHashrate, networkHashrate, blockReward);

8 Ayyuka na Gaba da Jagorori

Ka'idojin HaPPY-Mine za su iya faɗaɗa fiye da haɗa ma'adinai na kudadden kuɗi:

• Yarjejeniyar DeFi: Rarraba lada mai ƙarfi a cikin haɗa ma'adinai na ruwa
• Mulkin DAO: Rarraba ikon jefa ƙuri'a mai jurewa tattarawa
• Kwamfuta mai ƙarfi a gefe: Rarraba albarkatu a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta da aka rarraba
• Ayyukan tsakanin sarkaki: Yarjejeniyar haɗin gwiwa da ke buƙatar rarraba albarkatu mai adalci

Hanyoyin bincike na gaba sun haɗa da ma'auni na $\beta$ masu daidaitawa, tsarin farashi mai girma da yawa, da haɗin kai tare da tsarin gauraye na tabbatar da hannun jari.

9 Bincike na Asali

Tsarin HaPPY-Mine yana wakiltar ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin ƙirar ƙwaƙƙwaran blockchain, yana magance matsanancin matsin lamba na tattarawa wanda ya addabi manyan kudadden kuɗi. Tsarin lada mai tsayi na al'ada, kamar yadda aka bincika a cikin nazarin wasan dabarun kamar waɗanda aka ambata a cikin takardar farar fata na Bitcoin da aiki na gaba na Eyal da Sirer [15], suna haifar da dabi'u na halitta zuwa ga tattarawa saboda tattalin arzikin sikelin da tsarin farashi maras daidaituwa. Ƙirƙirar haɗa lada zuwa ƙarfin tsarin yana gabatar da tsarin sarrafa kai wanda ke daidaita ƙwaƙƙwaran ma'adinai ɗaya tare da manufofin rarrabawa na dandalin sadarwa.

Wannan hanya tana raba kamanceceniya ta ra'ayi tare da tsarin sarrafa kama-karya a wasu fagage, kamar dabarun koyon ƙarfafawa da ake amfani da su a cikin AlphaGo da tsarin AI na gaba, inda daidaitawar mai ƙarfi ta maye gurbin manufofin tsayi. Tsarin lissafi $R(H) = \frac{\alpha}{H^\beta}$ yana ɗaukar raguwar dawowa da ake buƙata don hana tattara ƙarfin lissafi, kamar yadda tsarin farashin cunkoso a cikin tattalin arzikin hanyar sadarwa ke amfani da irin wannan siffofin aiki don sarrafa rarraba albarkatu.

Idan aka kwatanta da mafita na yanzu kamar shirin Ethereum na canzawa zuwa tabbatar da hannun jari ko raguwar rabin na Bitcoin, HaPPY-Mine yana ba da daidaitawa mai ci gaba maimakon canje-canje masu hankali. Wannan daidaitawar santsi tana kama da dabarun ingantawa na tushen gradient da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin koyon inji na zamani kamar TensorFlow da PyTorch, inda sabuntawar ma'auni mai ci gaba ke hana jujjuyawa da haɓaka haɗuwa mai ƙarfi—a wannan yanayin, zuwa ga ma'auni mai rarrabawa.

Kaddarorin tsaro da aka kafa a cikin takardar sun ginu akan aikin ginshiƙi a cikin ayyukan lada masu daidaitawa, suna faɗaɗa garantin aminci zuwa yanayi masu ƙarfi. Wannan gudunmawar tana da mahimmanci musamman idan aka yi la'akari da hare-haren kwanan nan akan hanyoyin sadarwar blockchain da ƙungiyoyi kamar Ƙungiyar Tsaro ta Blockchain suka rubuta da cibiyoyin ilimi da ke nazarin raunin tattalin arzikin sirri. Kaddarorin juriya na haɗin gwiwa da sybil sun nuna yadda ƙirar ƙwaƙƙwaran ƙarfafawa ke iya samar da tsaro mai ƙarfi ba tare da dogaro ga zato na waje game da halayen ma'adinai ba.

Idan muka duba gaba, ka'idojin da ke ƙarƙashin HaPPY-Mine za su iya yin tasiri ga ƙirar tsarin rarraba fiye da kudadden kuɗi. Kamar yadda aka lura a cikin wallafe-wallafen kwanan nan daga cibiyoyi kamar MIT Digital Currency Initiative da Cibiyar Bincike ta Stanford Blockchain, ƙalubalen kiyaye rarrabawa yayin da ake sikelin tsarin yana shafar aikace-aikacen Web3 da yawa. Ƙwararren lissafin tsarin da tabbatarwa na zahiri sun sanya shi a matsayin wurin tunani don aikin gaba a cikin ƙarfafawa na tsarin rarraba.

10 Nassoshi

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3. Kiayias, A., et al. (2016). Ouroboros: Yarjejeniyar Blockchain ta Tabbacin Hannun Jari mai Tsaro. Crypto
4. Kiffer, L., et al. (2018). Nazarin Wasan Dabarun Haɗa Ma'adinai na Bitcoin. WEIS
5. Buterin, V. (2014). Ethereum: Dandalin Yarjejeniya mai Hikima na Gaba da Dandalin Aikace-aikacen Rarraba
6. Gencer, A. E., et al. (2018). Rarrabawa a cikin Hanyoyin Sadarwar Bitcoin da Ethereum. FC
7. Sompolinsky, Y., & Zohar, A. (2015). Tsare Ma'amala mai Girma a cikin Bitcoin. Kuɗin Sirri
8. Bonneau, J., et al. (2015). SoK: Ra'ayoyin Bincike da Ƙalubale don Bitcoin da Kudadden Kuɗi. IEEE S&P
9. Pass, R., & Shi, E. (2017). Fruitchains: Blockchain mai Adalci. PODC
10. Carlsten, M., et al. (2016). Akan Rashin Kwanciyar Hankali na Bitcoin Ba tare da Lada na Shinge ba. ACM CCS