Daga Baƙin Ciki Zuwa Kwanciyar Hankali a Tattalin Arzikin Ma'adinan Blockchain: Nazarin Ka'idar Wasanni

Teburin Abubuwan Ciki

1 Gabatarwa

Tare da fiye da 4,000 cryptocurrencies masu yawo da darajar su ta wuce tiriliyan $1 da kuma ɗimbin aikace-aikacen da ba su da tushe waɗanda ke gudana akan fasahohin blockchain, fahimtar kwanciyar hankali da dorewar waɗannan tsare-tsare na dogon lokaci yana da muhimmanci don faɗaɗa amfani da su. Manyan 'yan wasa a cikin yanayin blockchain sune ma'adanai waɗanda ke ba da albarkatu masu tsada don tabbatar da yarjejeniya ta hanyar Hujjar Aiki (PoW) ko Hujjar Hannun jari (PoS).

Ma'adanai suna aiki ne da son kai, ba su da tushe kuma suna iya shiga ko barin hanyoyin sadarwa a kowane lokaci. Suna karɓar lada daidai da albarkatun da suka bayar, amma abubuwan da suke ƙarfafa su na raba albarkatu a cikin blockchains daban-daban har yanzu ba a fahimta sosai ba. Wannan takarda ta magance wannan gibi ta hanyar nazarin ka'idar wasa na tattalin arzikin ma'adinai.

2 Samfuri da Tsarin Aiki

2.1 Samfurin Tattalin Arzikin Ma'adinai

Muna nazarin samfurin ka'idar wasa na tattalin arzikin ma'adinan blockchain wanda ya ƙunshi blockchains guda ɗaya ko da yawa waɗanda ke zaune tare. Samfurin ya ginu akan aikin [3], wanda ya samo rarrabawar Ma'aunin Nash na musamman a ƙarƙashin tsare-tsaren lada masu daidaito waɗanda aka saba da su a cikin ka'idojin PoW da PoS.

Gano asali shi ne cewa a matakan NE da aka annabta, ma'adanai masu aiki har yanzu suna da ƙarfafa su don karkata ta hanyar ƙara albarkatunsu don cimma mafi girman lada na dangi, ko da kuwa wannan hali bai dace ba don lada cikakke.

2.2 Abubuwan Baƙin Ciki

An bayyana baƙin ciki a matsayin al'adar da mahalarta hanyar sadarwa ke cutar da sauran mahalarta a ɗan ƙaramin farashi ga kansu. Muna auna wannan ta hanyar abubuwan baƙin ciki, waɗanda ke auna asarar hanyar sadarwa dangane da asarar mai karkatawa da kansa:

$$GF_i = \frac{\sum_{j \neq i} \Delta u_j}{\Delta u_i}$$

inda $GF_i$ shine ma'aunin baƙin ciki na ma'adinai $i$, $\Delta u_j$ yana wakiltar asarar amfani ga sauran ma'adanai, kuma $\Delta u_i$ asarar amfani ga ma'adinan da ya karkata.

3 Sakamakon Ka'idar

3.1 Nazarin Ma'aunin Nash

Ka'idar 1 ta tabbatar da wanzuwar da keɓancewar rarrabawar Ma'aunin Nash. Duk da haka, bincikenmu ya nuna cewa waɗannan ma'auni suna da rauni ga hare-haren baƙin ciki inda ma'adanai ɗaya ɗaya zasu iya samun riba ta hanyar karkata daga dabarun ma'auni.

Ka'idar 6 da Corollary 7 sun nuna cewa asarar da ma'adinan da ya karkata ya jawo wa kansa an biya shi fiye da babban rabo na kasuwa da manyan asarar da aka yi wa sauran ma'adanai da hanyar sadarwa gaba ɗaya.

3.2 Kwanciyar Hankali na Juyin Halitta

Babbar gudunmawar mu ta fasaha tana haɗa baƙin ciki da ka'idar wasa ta juyin halitta. Muna nuna cewa halayen baƙin ciki yana da alaƙa kai tsaye da ra'ayoyin kwanciyar hankali na juyin halitta, yana ba da hujja na yau da kullun don ɓarnawar albarkatu, ƙarfafa ikon, da manyan shingayen shiga da ake gani a aikace.

4 Ka'idar Amsawa Masu Daidaito

4.1 Ƙirar Algorithm

Yayin da hanyoyin sadarwa suka girma, hulɗar ma'adanai suna kama da tattalin arzikin samarwa ko kasuwannin Fisher. Don wannan yanayin, mun samo ka'idar sabuntawa ta Amsawa Masu Daidaito (PR):

// Algorithm na Amsawa Masu Daidaito
ga kowane ma'adinai i a cikin hanyar sadarwa:
    rarrabawar yanzu = samun_rarrabawar_yanzu(i)
    lada da ake tsammani = lissafta_lada_da_ake_tsammani(i, rarrabawar_yanzu)
    
    ga kowane blockchain j:
        sabon_rarraba[i][j] = rarrabawar_yanzu[i][j] * 
                              (lada_da_ake_tsammani[j] / jimlar_lada_da_ake_tsammani)
    
    daidaita(sabon_rarraba[i])
    sabunta_rarraba(i, sabon_rarraba[i])

4.2 Siffofin Haɗawa

Ka'idar PR tana haɗawa zuwa ma'auni na kasuwa inda baƙin ciki ya zama maras muhimmanci. Haɗawa yana riƙe don faɗin sifofin haɗarin ma'adinai da matakan daban-daban na motsin albarkatu tsakanin blockchains tare da fasahohin ma'adinai daban-daban.

5 Nazarin Ƙwaƙwalwar Aiki

5.1 Hanyar Nazarin Shari'a

Mun gudanar da nazarin shari'a tare da cryptocurrencies guda huɗu masu ma'adinai don tabbatar da sakamakon ka'idar mu. Binciken ya binciki yadda rarraba haɗari, ƙuntataccen motsin albarkatu, da haɓakar hanyar sadarwa ke ba da gudummawa ga kwanciyar hankalin yanayin muhalli.

5.2 Sakamako da Bincike

Sakamakonmu na ƙwaƙwalwar aiki ya nuna cewa duk abubuwa uku—rarraba haɗari, ƙuntataccen motsi, da haɓakar hanyar sadarwa—suna ba da gudummawa sosai ga kwanciyar hankalin yanayin blockchain na asali mai sauyi. An tabbatar da halayen haɗawa na ka'idar PR a cikin yanayin hanyar sadarwa daban-daban.

6 Aiwatar da Fasaha

6.1 Tsarin Lissafi

Babban samfurin lissafi ya ginu akan ka'idar wasa ta juyin halitta tare da yawan jama'a marasa iri ɗaya. Ƙirar ma'aunin baƙin ciki tana faɗaɗa binciken kwanciyar hankali na al'ada:

$$\max_{x_i} u_i(x_i, x_{-i}) = \frac{x_i}{\sum_j x_j} R - c_i x_i$$

inda $x_i$ yana wakiltar albarkatun ma'adinai $i$, $R$ shine jimlar lada, kuma $c_i$ shine ma'aunin farashi.

6.2 Aiwarar da Lambar

Ana iya aiwatar da algorithm ɗin Amsawa Masu Daidaito a cikin Python don yin kwaikwayo:

import numpy as np

class ProportionalResponseMiner:
    def __init__(self, initial_allocation, risk_profile):
        self.allocation = initial_allocation
        self.risk_profile = risk_profile
    
    def update_allocation(self, market_conditions):
        expected_returns = self.calculate_expected_returns(market_conditions)
        total_return = np.sum(expected_returns)
        
        if total_return > 0:
            new_allocation = self.allocation * (expected_returns / total_return)
            self.allocation = new_allocation / np.sum(new_allocation)
        
        return self.allocation
    
    def calculate_expected_returns(self, market_conditions):
        # Aiwararwa ya dogara da takamaiman samfurin kasuwa
        returns = np.zeros_like(self.allocation)
        for i, alloc in enumerate(self.allocation):
            returns[i] = market_conditions[i]['reward'] * alloc / \
                        market_conditions[i]['total_hashrate']
        return returns

7 Ayyukan Gaba

Ka'idar Amsawa Masu Daidaito da binciken baƙin ciki suna da muhimman tasiri ga ƙirar blockchain da ƙa'ida. Ayyukan gaba sun haɗa da:

• Ingantattun Hanyoyin Yarda: Ƙirar ka'idojin PoW/PoS waɗanda suke da juriya ga hare-haren baƙin ciki a asali
• Rarraba Albarkatu Tsakanin Sarƙoƙi: Inganta albarkatun ma'adinai a cikin blockchains da yawa
• Tsarin Ƙa'idodi: Ba da labarai ga manufofin da ke inganta gasar ma'adinai lafiya
• Ƙirar Ka'idar DeFi Yin amfani da irin wannan binciken kwanciyar hankali ga tsarin kuɗi marasa tushe

Binciken gaba ya kamata ya binciki yadda waɗannan ra'ayoyin suka shafi fasahohin da ke tasowa kamar hujjar-sarari, bambance-bambancen hujjar-hannun jari, da hanyoyin yarjejeniya gauraye.

8 Nassoshi

1. Cheung, Y. K., Leonardos, S., Piliouras, G., & Sridhar, S. (2021). Daga Baƙin Ciki Zuwa Kwanciyar Hankali a Tattalin Arzikin Ma'adinan Blockchain. arXiv:2106.12332
2. Nakamoto, S. (2008). Bitcoin: Tsarin Kuɗin Lantarki Peer-to-Peer
3. Eyal, I., & Sirer, E. G. (2014). Rinjaye bai isa ba: Ma'adinan Bitcoin yana da rauni. Ilimin Kuɗi na Cryptographic
4. Buterin, V. (2014). Ethereum: Dandamali na Gaba na Kwangilar Wayo da Aikace-aikace marasa Tushe
5. Nisan, N., Roughgarden, T., Tardos, E., & Vazirani, V. V. (2007). Ka'idar Wasannin Algorithm
6. Goodfellow, I., et al. (2014). Cibiyoyin Sadarwa na Adawa. Tsarin Bayanai na Jijiya